HISTORY | CONTEXTS | SCALE | OCCUPATIONS | Changes in the World of Work | Work and the Family | The Individual Worker | Professions and Professionals | A History of Work | Women and Work | Labor Force | Executives, Managers, Administrators | A Global Economy | Work and Leizure | Organizations | Workers(White/Blue) | The Future of Work | Responses to Work | Industry | Maginal Jobs and Unemployment |
Changes in the World of Work
We are interested in how the world of work is changing, and the implications of those changes for ourselves and society. The nature of work has changed over time. The division of labor has increased fast, and the position of women has experienced some improvement in cotemporary society, and work has exerted a profound influence on the way that we live in modern society. This unit focuses these issues on the study of work and occupations.
A History of Work
We will explore the historial perspective in which work has changed as well as the consequences of these changes for individuals and for society. This unit focuses these issues on the study of work and occupations
A Global Economy
What potential roles are possible for interanstional labor organizations in the modern world economy? Do we think that such organizations will have a significant effect on the nature of work in a global economy? This unit focuses these issues on the study of work and occupations.
The Future of Work
What trends do you think will be important in determining the future of work and society in the next century. This unit has discussed the way in which technological change, increased competition, and increased labor force participation by women will influence the nature of work inthe twenty-first century.
Work and The Family
Socialization for work and work itself affect both the individual life cycle and the family life cycle. Many recent changes have affected the degree of conflit between family and work. Factors that tend to worsen the conflit are the increased employment of working mothers, the increased number of single parent home, the number of jobs that require long hours or travel. This unit focuses these issues on the study of work and occupations.
Women and Work
Female workers are particularly likely to experience inadequate employment because of past and present discriminatory practices. Also the problem confronted by women in the work place is sexual harassment, their treatment as sexual objects. This unit focuses these issues on the study of work and occupations.
Work and Leizure
Expanded leizure hours could make an important contribution to improving the quality of work life. The labor force has decreased from between ages of 12 and 70 to between 22 and 65. This decline has resulted from more years spent getting a education and from earlier retirement. Resently people have combined work, leizure, and education throughout life rather than complrting education before starting work and sarving their leisure years for retirement. This unit focuses these issues on the study of work and occupations.
Responses to Work
Workers' attitudes toward their jobs are based on complex sets of evaluations, involving both extrinsic and intrisic aspects of the job. Job attitudes depend not only on alienating conditions but also on individual differences among workers. This unit focuses these issues on the study of work and occupations.
The Individual Worker
The most straight forward unit of analysis is the individual worker. Workers can be analyzed in terms of their demographic characteristics. These include not only ascribed characteristics such as sex, age, but also achieved characteristics as education, work experience, and skills.
Labor Force
One important unit of analysis is the labor force("Economically active population"), a collective term for all the workers within a country. Labor force studies include examining the demographic characteristics of workers and their rates of labor force participation and unimployment.
Organization
Social units on affecting work include unions, professional associations, and work place units such as firms, establishment, a parent company(a conglomerate or a multinational company), the subsidiary companies.
Industry
Industry refers to any branch of economic activity that is devoted to the production of a good or service. Knowing a worker's industry is important for difference of economic competition according to industies, and for the economic consequences of industrial location.
Professions and Professionals
Professions are high-status, knowledge-based occupations. Professionals are significant models for other workers, because they have achieved so much autonomy and authority. Being a member of a profession confers considerable prestige and usually higher income. This unit focuses these issues on the study of work and occupations.
Executives, Managers, Administrators
Managerial Occupations vary a great deal among firms and even within firms. this jobs play a role to make decisions, control and allocate resources. This unit focuses these issues on the study of work and occupations.
Workers(White collar & Blue collar)
Workers have commanded an overwhelming majority in labor force, have exerted a influence on the society through organizing unions. Unions have had a tremendous impact on the nature of work. Also, Clerical and Sales workers have grown rapidly in the recent past and can be expected to grow in the near future. This unit focuses these issues on the study of work and occupations.
Marginal Jobs
A marginal job departs in some significant ways from the employment norms of the society in which it is located. Because jobs are governed by many norms, there are also many ways in which work can depart from these norms and many dimensions of marginality. this unit considers four dimensions of maginality: deviant occupations, the shadow economy, unstable jobs, and underemployment.
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