¿µ±¹ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù(SOC)¿Í SEC
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1. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù(SOC)
1) ÀϹÝÀû ¹è°æ
¡Û ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù(the Standard Occupational Classification)´Â 1990³â¿¡ °í¿ë°ü·Ã ºÎóµé(EDG: the Employment Department Group)°ú ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Àα¸ ¼¾¼½º ¹× Á¶»ç±¹(OPCS: the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys)¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ °³¹ßµÈ Á¤ºÎ Ç¥Áغзù´Ù. SOC´Â °í¿ë °ü·Ã ºÎóµéÀÌ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëÇß´ø [Á÷¾÷ºÐ·ù¿Í Á÷¾÷»çÀü(CODOT: the Classification of Occupations and Directory of Occupational Titles)]°ú Åë°è ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÌ´ø [OPCSÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù 1980³âÆÇ(CO80: the 1980 version of the OPCS Classification of Occupations)] ¾çÀÚ¸¦ ´ëüÇÏ´Â ÅëÇպзùÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» °®´Â´Ù.
¡Û CODOT´Â ÀÌ¿ëÀÚ Áß½ÉÀÇ ºÐ·ùÀÌÀÚ ³ëµ¿½ÃÀå Åë°èÀÇ ±âÃÊÀÚ·áÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» °®°í Àִµ¥ ¹ÝÇؼ CO80Àº Àα¸¼¾¼½º Á¶»ç½Ã Á÷¾÷ÄÚµåÀÌÀÚ °¢Á¾ Åë°èÁ¶»ç¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. SOC´Â 1980³â´ë Áß¹Ý ÀÌÈÄ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÁúÀûÀÎ µÎ ºÐ·ù¸¦ Á¶È½ÃÅ°·Á´Â ³ë·ÂÀÇ »ê¹°ÀÌ¸ç µ¿½Ã¿¡ »õ·Ó°Ô °³ÆíµÈ ±¹Á¦³ëµ¿±â±¸(ILO)ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù(ISCO-88)¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
1990 SOC Manual ¿ø¹®
2) Á÷¾÷ºÐ·ùÀÇ ±âº»±¸Á¶
¡Û SOC Á÷¾÷ºÐ·ùÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ±âÁØÀº Á÷´É¼öÁØ(Skill Level)À¸·Î ÇØ´ç Á÷¾÷ÀÇ ¾÷¹«¸¦ ¸¸Á·½º·´°Ô ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ ´É·Â(ÇзÂ, °æÇè µî)ÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
¡Û µÎ ¹ø° ±âÁØÀº ÀÛ¾÷È°µ¿ÀÇ º»Áú(Nature of Work Activites)·Î¼ ´Ù·ç´Â Àç·á³ª µµ±¸, ÀåºñÀÇ À¯ÇüÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ Á¦ Ãø¸éÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¡Û ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÐ·ù±âÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó SOC´Â 9°³ÀÇ ´ëºÐ·ù¿Í 22°³ÀÇ Áߺзù, 77°³ÀÇ ¼ÒºÐ·ù, 371°³ÀÇ ¼¼ºÐ·ù·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. SOCÀÇ ´ëºÐ·ù´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ CO80°ú´Â ´Þ¸® CODOT³ª ISCO-88ó·³ Á÷´É¼öÁØÀ» óÀ½ºÎÅÍ °í·ÁÇÑ À§°èÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
[Ç¥ 1] ¿µ±¹ SOC / ILO ISCO-88 ´ëºÐ·ù ºñ±³
¿µ±¹ SOC |
ILO ISCO-88 |
1 Managers and Administrators
2 Professional Occupations 3 Associate Professional and Technical Occupations
4 Clerical and Secretarial Occupations 5 Craft and Related Occupations 6 Personal and Protective Service Occupations 7
Sales Occupations 8 Plant and Machine Operatives 9 Other Occupations |
1 Legislators, senior officials and
managers
2 Professionals 3 Technicians and associate
professionals
4 Clerks 5 Service workers and shop
market sales workers 6
Skilled agricultural and fishery
workers 7 Craft and related trades workers
8 Plant and machine operators
and assemblers 9 Elementary occupations 0 Armed forces |
¡Û ¼¼ºÐ·ù´Â Á÷´É¼öÁØ°ú ÀÛ¾÷È°µ¿ÀÇ º»Áú ¿Ü¿¡ ºÐ·ù±âÁØÀ¸·Î °í¿ë»óÀÇ ÁöÀ§³ª »ç¾÷üÀÇ ±Ô¸ð µîÀÌ °í·ÁµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î °í·ÁÇÑ ¹üÁÖµéÀº »çȸ°è±Þ(Social Class) 6°³ ¹üÁÖ¿Í »çȸ°æÁ¦Áý´Ü(Socio-economic Groups) 17°³ ¹üÁÖ µîÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Àα¸¼¾¼½º¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ µÎ °¡Áö »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù·Î¼ 2001³â¿¡ NS-SEC(National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification)À¸·Î ´ëüµÉ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.
¡Û SOC´Â ´ë, Áß, ¼Ò, ¼¼ºÐ·ù±îÁö ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¼¼¼¼ºÐ·ù´Â CODOTÀÇ 3,800°³ Á÷¾÷¹üÁÖ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
3) SOC 2000À¸·ÎÀÇ °³Á¤
¡Û ¿µ±¹ Åë°èû(ONS: the office for National Statistics)Àº SOC °³Á¤ÆÇÀÎ SOC 2000À» Áö³ 6¿ù¿¡ µÎ ±ÇÀÇ Ã¥À¸·Î ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº 90³â¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î äÅÃµÈ SOC¸¦ ±×µ¿¾ÈÀÇ »çȸº¯È¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ¿© °³Á¤ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ´ë, Áß, ¼Ò, ¼¼ºÐ·ùÀÇ 4´Ü°è ºÐ·ù ±¸Á¶¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç 26,000°³ÀÇ Á÷¹«¸íÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 26,000°³ÀÇ Á÷¹«¸íÀº 90³â¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ CODOTÀÇ Á÷¾÷¹üÁÖµéÀ» 95³âµµ¿¡ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃŲ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö Á÷¾÷ ¸ñ·Ï(Index)À¸·Î ºÐ·ù ±¸Á¶¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǴ ÄÚµå(Code)¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. SOC 2000Àº Àα¸¼¾¼½º ¿Ü¿¡ ³ëµ¿·ÂÁ¶»ç, ÀÓ±ÝÁ¶»ç µîÀÇ Á÷¾÷ÄÚµå·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.
¡Û À̹ø °³Á¤ÀÛ¾÷¿¡´Â 90³â SOC °³¹ß¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ ¿öÀÍ´ëÇб³(the University of Warwick)ÀÇ °í¿ëÁ¶»ç¿¬±¸¼Ò(IER: the Institute for Employment Research)°¡ ÇмúÀûÀÎ ÀÚ¹®À» ´ã´çÇÏ¿´´Ù. Á÷¾÷°ú Á÷¹«µéÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷ ³»¿ë¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â 1991³â Àα¸¼¾¼½º·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼öÁýµÈ 116,000¿©°³ÀÇ ÀÚ·á¿Í 96³â°ú 97³âÀÇ ³ëµ¿·Â Á¶»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼öÁýµÈ 60,000¿©°³ÀÇ ÀÚ·á, °í¿ë¼ºñ½º±â°üÀÇ ±¸ÀÎ, ±¸Á÷ÀÚ·á µî¿¡¼ Á¾ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÁýµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¡Û ¿Ã ¿¬¸»±îÁö ONS´Â ¿öÀÍ´ëÇб³ÀÇ ÇÇÅÍ ¿¤¸®¾Æ½º(Peter Elias) ±³¼ö¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ±â¹Ý ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÎ CASOC 2000(Computer Assisted Standard Occupational Coding 2000)À» °³¹ßÇÒ ¿¡Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.
[Ç¥ 2] ¿µ±¹ SOC 1990/ SOC 2000 ´ëºÐ·ù ºñ±³
SOC 1990 |
SOC 2000 |
1 Managers and Administrators
2 Professional Occupations 3 Associate Professional and Technical Occupations
4 Clerical and Secretarial Occupations 5 Craft and Related Occupations 6 Personal and Protective Service Occupations 7
Sales Occupations 8 Plant and Machine Operatives 9 Other Occupations |
1 Managers and Senior officials 2 Professional Occupations 3 Associate Professional and Technical Occupations
4 Administrative and Secretarial Occupations 5 SKilled Trades Occupations 6
Personal Service Occupations 7 Sales and Customer Service Occupations 8 Process, Plant and Machine Operatives
and assemblers 9 Elementary occupations |
ONSÀÇ SOC 2000 ÀÚ·á(¿ø¹®)
2. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù(SEC)
1) Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù¿Í »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù
¡Û ¿µ±¹Àº Á÷¾÷ºÐ·ù¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù¿Í ÇÔ²² »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù(SEC: Socio-Economic Classification)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù´Â SOC ¼ö¸³¿¡ ±âÃÊ°¡ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Àα¸¼¾¼½º¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ Á¤ºÎÅë°è³ª ´Ù¸¥ ±â°ü¿¡¼ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â »çȸ Åë°è¿¡ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ¾²ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¡Û ±×µ¿¾È »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù·Î »ç¿ëµÈ °ÍÀº °øÀÎ ÀϹݻçȸ°è±Þ(RGSC: Registrar General's Social Classes)°ú »çȸ°æÁ¦Áý´Ü(SEG: Socio-economic Groups)ÀÌ´Ù.
¡Û
OPCS¿¡¼ 1911³âºÎÅÍ Àα¸¼¾¼½º¿¡ µµÀÔÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ RGSC´Â À§°èÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶¸¦ °®´Â Á÷¾÷ºÐ·ù·Î »ó, Áß, Çϸ¦ ±âº»À¸·Î ÇÏÃþÀ» Á÷´É¼öÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó ¼ÂÀ¸·Î ³ª´« 5°è±ÞÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »óÃþ°è±ÞÀº °íÀ§Àü¹®Á÷À», Áß°£°è±ÞÀº °ü¸® ¹× ±â¼úÁ÷À», ÇÏÃþ°è±ÞÀº Á÷´É¼öÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó ¼÷·Ã, ¹Ý¼÷·Ã, ¹Ì¼÷·ÃÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. 1971³â °³Á¤µÈ RGSC´Â ¼÷·ÃÁ÷¾÷À» ´Ù½Ã À°Ã¼³ëµ¿°ú Á¤½Å³ëµ¿À¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿© 5°è±Þ 6±¸ºÐÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù.
I |
Professional |
II |
Intermediate |
III(NM) |
Skilled Non-manual |
III(M) |
Skilled Manual |
IV |
Semi-skilled |
V |
Unskilled |
¡Û SEG´Â ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Àα¸¼¾¼½º¿¡¼ 1951³âºÎÅÍ Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î µµÀÔÇÑ »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù·Î 1961³â ¼¾¼½ººÎÅÍ Å©°Ô °³Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. »çȸ°æÁ¦Áý´ÜÀº ´ç½Ã Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ø »çȸ°è±Þ¸¸À¸·Î´Â ¸ðµç Á÷Á¾À» ºÐ·ùÇϱ⠾î·Æ°í °Ô±Þ³»ÀÇ ÆíÂ÷°¡ Á¡Â÷ ¹ß»ýÇÏÀÚ À̸¦ °³¼±Çϱâ À§ÇØ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ OPCS´Â SEG¿¡¼ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô Æ÷°ýÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¿Â °í¿ëÁÖ(employer)¿Í °ü¸®ÀÚ(manager)¸¦ ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç µ¿ÀÏÁ÷Á¾³»¿¡¼µµ Á¾»ç»óÀÇ ÁöÀ§(ÀÚ¿µ/ÇÇ°í¿ë)¸¦ ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿´°í ¼÷·ÃÁ÷³»¿¡¼ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ÀÛ¾÷Á¶°ÇÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ¿´´Ù. SEG´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±âÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ÃÑ 17°³ Áý´Ü 20±¸ºÐµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
1.1 |
Employers in industry, commerce etc (large establishments) |
1.2 |
Managers in local and central government, industry, commerce etc (large establishments) |
2.1 |
Employers in industry, commerce etc (small establishments) |
2.2 |
Managers in industry, commerce etc (small establishments) |
3 |
Professional workers: self-employed |
4 |
Professional worker: employees |
5.1 |
Intermediate non-manual workers: ancillary workers and artists |
5.2 |
Intermediate non-manual workers: forement and supervisors non-manual |
6 |
Junior non-manual workers |
7 |
Personal service workers |
8 |
Foremen and supervisors: manual |
9 |
Skilled manual workers |
10 |
Semi-skilled manual workers |
11 |
Unskilled manual workers |
12 |
Own account workers (other than professional) |
13 |
Farmers: employers and managers |
14 |
Farmers: own account |
15 |
Agricultural workers |
16 |
Members of armed forces |
(17) |
Inadequately described and not stated occupations |
¡Û ¿µ±¹ÀÇ »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù´Â ij³ª´ÙÀÇ NOC¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Matrix·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ±âµµ Çϴµ¥, Á÷´É¼öÁØ°ú ´ëºñµÇ´Â RGSC¿Í Á÷´ÉÀ¯Çü°ú ´ëºñµÇ´Â SEG¸¦ ¼·Î ±³Â÷ÇÑ ¼¾¼½º Matrix(the Census Matrix)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â »çȸ°æÁ¦Áý´ÜÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© »çȸ°è±ÞÀÇ ±Ô¸ð¸¦ ÃßÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌ Matrix¸¦ ÅëÇؼ °¢°¢ÀÇ »çȸ°è±Þ ³»¿¡¼ °¢°¢ÀÇ »çȸ°æÁ¦Áý´ÜÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ºÐÆ÷ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
2) NS-SEC 2000ÀÇ °³¹ß
¡Û 2001³â Àα¸¼¾¼½ººÎÅÍ RGSC¿Í SEG¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇØ »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù·Î »ç¿ëµÉ NS-SEC(National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification)Àº 1991³â Àα¸¼¾¼½ºÀÇ 0.5% DB ÀÚ·á¿Í ÇÔ²² ONS ³ëµ¿·ÂÁ¶»ç ÀÚ·á µîÀ» Åä´ë·Î ONS¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ùÀ§¿øȸ(the ESRC-ONS Socio-Economic Classification Working Group)¿¡¼ °³¹ß Áß¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¡Û NS-SECÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ÇüÅ´ RGSC¿Í SEG¸¦ º¹ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ý¿µÇ쵂 SEG¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ÇüÅ·ΠÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¿¹Á¤À̸ç 17°³·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø SEGº¸´Ù ¼¼ºÐµÈ 23°³ÀÇ ¹üÁÖ·Î ±¸ºÐµÉ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. NS-SECÀº 2000³â 10¿ù¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÉ ¿¹Á¤À̸ç 2001³â Àα¸¼¾¼¼½º¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿ëµµ·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.
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