¿µ±¹ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù(SOC)¿Í SEC  
 

 
 

 
 ¿µ±¹Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù SOC¿¡ °üÇÑ º¸´Ù ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸½Ã·Á¸é ¿©±â¸¦ Å©¸¯!
 

 1. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù(SOC)

  1) ÀϹÝÀû ¹è°æ

¡Û ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù(the Standard Occupational Classification)´Â 1990³â¿¡ °í¿ë°ü·Ã ºÎóµé(EDG: the Employment Department Group)°ú ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Àα¸ ¼¾¼­½º ¹× Á¶»ç±¹(OPCS: the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys)¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ °³¹ßµÈ Á¤ºÎ Ç¥Áغзù´Ù. SOC´Â °í¿ë °ü·Ã ºÎóµéÀÌ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëÇß´ø [Á÷¾÷ºÐ·ù¿Í Á÷¾÷»çÀü(CODOT: the Classification of Occupations and Directory of Occupational Titles)]°ú Åë°è ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÌ´ø [OPCSÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù 1980³âÆÇ(CO80: the 1980 version of the OPCS Classification of Occupations)] ¾çÀÚ¸¦ ´ëüÇÏ´Â ÅëÇպзùÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» °®´Â´Ù.

¡Û CODOT´Â ÀÌ¿ëÀÚ Áß½ÉÀÇ ºÐ·ùÀÌÀÚ ³ëµ¿½ÃÀå Åë°èÀÇ ±âÃÊÀÚ·áÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» °®°í Àִµ¥ ¹ÝÇؼ­ CO80Àº Àα¸¼¾¼­½º Á¶»ç½Ã Á÷¾÷ÄÚµåÀÌÀÚ °¢Á¾ Åë°èÁ¶»ç¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. SOC´Â 1980³â´ë Áß¹Ý ÀÌÈÄ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÁúÀûÀÎ µÎ ºÐ·ù¸¦ Á¶È­½ÃÅ°·Á´Â ³ë·ÂÀÇ »ê¹°ÀÌ¸ç µ¿½Ã¿¡ »õ·Ó°Ô °³ÆíµÈ ±¹Á¦³ëµ¿±â±¸(ILO)ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù(ISCO-88)¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

  pdf 1990 SOC Manual ¿ø¹®

  2) Á÷¾÷ºÐ·ùÀÇ ±âº»±¸Á¶

¡Û SOC Á÷¾÷ºÐ·ùÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ±âÁØÀº Á÷´É¼öÁØ(Skill Level)À¸·Î ÇØ´ç Á÷¾÷ÀÇ ¾÷¹«¸¦ ¸¸Á·½º·´°Ô ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ ´É·Â(ÇзÂ, °æÇè µî)ÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.

¡Û µÎ ¹ø° ±âÁØÀº ÀÛ¾÷È°µ¿ÀÇ º»Áú(Nature of Work Activites)·Î¼­ ´Ù·ç´Â Àç·á³ª µµ±¸, ÀåºñÀÇ À¯ÇüÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ Á¦ Ãø¸éÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¡Û ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÐ·ù±âÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó SOC´Â 9°³ÀÇ ´ëºÐ·ù¿Í 22°³ÀÇ Áߺзù, 77°³ÀÇ ¼ÒºÐ·ù, 371°³ÀÇ ¼¼ºÐ·ù·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

SOCÀÇ ´ëºÐ·ù´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ CO80°ú´Â ´Þ¸® CODOT³ª ISCO-88ó·³ Á÷´É¼öÁØÀ» óÀ½ºÎÅÍ °í·ÁÇÑ À§°èÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.

[Ç¥ 1] ¿µ±¹ SOC / ILO ISCO-88 ´ëºÐ·ù ºñ±³

¿µ±¹ SOC

ILO ISCO-88

 1   Managers and Administrators
 2   Professional Occupations
 3   Associate Professional and Technical Occupations
 4   Clerical and Secretarial Occupations
 5    Craft and Related Occupations
 6   Personal and Protective Service Occupations
 7   Sales Occupations
 8   Plant and Machine Operatives
 9   Other Occupations
 
 

 1   Legislators, senior officials and managers
 2   Professionals
 3   Technicians and associate professionals
 4    Clerks
 5   Service workers and shop market sales workers
 6   Skilled agricultural and fishery workers
 7  Craft and related trades workers
 8   Plant and machine operators and assemblers
 9   Elementary occupations
 0   Armed forces

 

¡Û ¼¼ºÐ·ù´Â Á÷´É¼öÁØ°ú ÀÛ¾÷È°µ¿ÀÇ º»Áú ¿Ü¿¡ ºÐ·ù±âÁØÀ¸·Î °í¿ë»óÀÇ ÁöÀ§³ª »ç¾÷üÀÇ ±Ô¸ð µîÀÌ °í·ÁµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î °í·ÁÇÑ ¹üÁÖµéÀº »çȸ°è±Þ(Social Class) 6°³ ¹üÁÖ¿Í »çȸ°æÁ¦Áý´Ü(Socio-economic Groups) 17°³ ¹üÁÖ µîÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Àα¸¼¾¼­½º¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ µÎ °¡Áö »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù·Î¼­ 2001³â¿¡ NS-SEC(National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification)À¸·Î ´ëüµÉ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.

¡Û SOC´Â ´ë, Áß, ¼Ò, ¼¼ºÐ·ù±îÁö ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¼¼¼¼ºÐ·ù´Â CODOTÀÇ 3,800°³ Á÷¾÷¹üÁÖ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

  3) SOC 2000À¸·ÎÀÇ °³Á¤

¡Û ¿µ±¹ Åë°èû(ONS: the office for National Statistics)Àº SOC °³Á¤ÆÇÀÎ SOC 2000À» Áö³­ 6¿ù¿¡ µÎ ±ÇÀÇ Ã¥À¸·Î ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº 90³â¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î äÅÃµÈ SOC¸¦ ±×µ¿¾ÈÀÇ »çȸº¯È­¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ¿© °³Á¤ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ´ë, Áß, ¼Ò, ¼¼ºÐ·ùÀÇ 4´Ü°è ºÐ·ù ±¸Á¶¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç 26,000°³ÀÇ Á÷¹«¸íÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 26,000°³ÀÇ Á÷¹«¸íÀº 90³â¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ CODOTÀÇ Á÷¾÷¹üÁÖµéÀ» 95³âµµ¿¡ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃŲ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö Á÷¾÷ ¸ñ·Ï(Index)À¸·Î ºÐ·ù ±¸Á¶¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǴ ÄÚµå(Code)¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. SOC 2000Àº Àα¸¼¾¼­½º ¿Ü¿¡ ³ëµ¿·ÂÁ¶»ç, ÀÓ±ÝÁ¶»ç µîÀÇ Á÷¾÷ÄÚµå·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.

¡Û À̹ø °³Á¤ÀÛ¾÷¿¡´Â 90³â SOC °³¹ß¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ ¿öÀÍ´ëÇб³(the University of Warwick)ÀÇ °í¿ëÁ¶»ç¿¬±¸¼Ò(IER: the Institute for Employment Research)°¡ ÇмúÀûÀÎ ÀÚ¹®À» ´ã´çÇÏ¿´´Ù. Á÷¾÷°ú Á÷¹«µéÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷ ³»¿ë¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â 1991³â Àα¸¼¾¼­½º·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼öÁýµÈ 116,000¿©°³ÀÇ ÀÚ·á¿Í 96³â°ú 97³âÀÇ ³ëµ¿·Â Á¶»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼öÁýµÈ 60,000¿©°³ÀÇ ÀÚ·á, °í¿ë¼­ºñ½º±â°üÀÇ ±¸ÀÎ, ±¸Á÷ÀÚ·á µî¿¡¼­ Á¾ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÁýµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¡Û ¿Ã ¿¬¸»±îÁö ONS´Â ¿öÀÍ´ëÇб³ÀÇ ÇÇÅÍ ¿¤¸®¾Æ½º(Peter Elias) ±³¼ö¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ±â¹Ý ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÎ CASOC 2000(Computer Assisted Standard Occupational Coding 2000)À» °³¹ßÇÒ ¿¡Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.

[Ç¥ 2] ¿µ±¹ SOC 1990/ SOC 2000 ´ëºÐ·ù ºñ±³

SOC 1990

SOC 2000

 1   Managers and Administrators
 2   Professional Occupations
 3   Associate Professional and Technical Occupations
 4   Clerical and Secretarial Occupations
 5    Craft and Related Occupations
 6   Personal and Protective Service Occupations
 7   Sales Occupations
 8   Plant and Machine Operatives
 9   Other Occupations
 
 

 1   Managers and Senior officials
 2   Professional Occupations
 3   Associate Professional and Technical Occupations
 4    Administrative and Secretarial Occupations
 5   SKilled Trades Occupations
 6   Personal Service Occupations
 7  Sales and Customer Service Occupations
 8   Process, Plant and Machine Operatives and assemblers
 9   Elementary occupations

 

  pdf ONSÀÇ SOC 2000 ÀÚ·á(¿ø¹®)

 

 

 2. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù(SEC)

  1) Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù¿Í »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù

¡Û ¿µ±¹Àº Á÷¾÷ºÐ·ù¿¡ À־ Ç¥ÁØÁ÷¾÷ºÐ·ù¿Í ÇÔ²² »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù(SEC: Socio-Economic Classification)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù´Â SOC ¼ö¸³¿¡ ±âÃÊ°¡ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Àα¸¼¾¼­½º¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ Á¤ºÎÅë°è³ª ´Ù¸¥ ±â°ü¿¡¼­ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â »çȸ Åë°è¿¡ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ¾²ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¡Û ±×µ¿¾È »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù·Î »ç¿ëµÈ °ÍÀº °øÀÎ ÀϹݻçȸ°è±Þ(RGSC: Registrar General's Social Classes)°ú »çȸ°æÁ¦Áý´Ü(SEG: Socio-economic Groups)ÀÌ´Ù.

¡Û OPCS¿¡¼­ 1911³âºÎÅÍ Àα¸¼¾¼­½º¿¡ µµÀÔÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ RGSC´Â À§°èÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶¸¦ °®´Â Á÷¾÷ºÐ·ù·Î »ó, Áß, Çϸ¦ ±âº»À¸·Î ÇÏÃþÀ» Á÷´É¼öÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó ¼ÂÀ¸·Î ³ª´« 5°è±ÞÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »óÃþ°è±ÞÀº °íÀ§Àü¹®Á÷À», Áß°£°è±ÞÀº °ü¸® ¹× ±â¼úÁ÷À», ÇÏÃþ°è±ÞÀº Á÷´É¼öÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó ¼÷·Ã, ¹Ý¼÷·Ã, ¹Ì¼÷·ÃÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. 1971³â °³Á¤µÈ RGSC´Â ¼÷·ÃÁ÷¾÷À» ´Ù½Ã À°Ã¼³ëµ¿°ú Á¤½Å³ëµ¿À¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿© 5°è±Þ 6±¸ºÐÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù.

 
I Professional
II Intermediate
III(NM) Skilled Non-manual
III(M) Skilled Manual
IV Semi-skilled
V Unskilled

 

¡Û SEG´Â ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Àα¸¼¾¼­½º¿¡¼­ 1951³âºÎÅÍ Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î µµÀÔÇÑ »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù·Î 1961³â ¼¾¼­½ººÎÅÍ Å©°Ô °³Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. »çȸ°æÁ¦Áý´ÜÀº ´ç½Ã Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ø »çȸ°è±Þ¸¸À¸·Î´Â ¸ðµç Á÷Á¾À» ºÐ·ùÇϱ⠾î·Æ°í °Ô±Þ³»ÀÇ ÆíÂ÷°¡ Á¡Â÷ ¹ß»ýÇÏÀÚ À̸¦ °³¼±Çϱâ À§ÇØ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ OPCS´Â SEG¿¡¼­ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô Æ÷°ýÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¿Â °í¿ëÁÖ(employer)¿Í °ü¸®ÀÚ(manager)¸¦ ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç µ¿ÀÏÁ÷Á¾³»¿¡¼­µµ Á¾»ç»óÀÇ ÁöÀ§(ÀÚ¿µ/ÇÇ°í¿ë)¸¦ ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿´°í ¼÷·ÃÁ÷³»¿¡¼­ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ÀÛ¾÷Á¶°ÇÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ¿´´Ù. SEG´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±âÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ÃÑ 17°³ Áý´Ü 20±¸ºÐµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

 
1.1 Employers in industry, commerce etc (large establishments)
1.2 Managers in local and central government, industry, commerce etc (large establishments)
2.1 Employers in industry, commerce etc (small establishments)
2.2 Managers in industry, commerce etc (small establishments)
3 Professional workers: self-employed
4 Professional worker: employees
5.1 Intermediate non-manual workers: ancillary workers and artists
5.2 Intermediate non-manual workers: forement and supervisors non-manual
6 Junior non-manual workers
7 Personal service workers
8 Foremen and supervisors: manual
9 Skilled manual workers
10 Semi-skilled manual workers
11 Unskilled manual workers
12 Own account workers (other than professional)
13 Farmers: employers and managers
14 Farmers: own account
15 Agricultural workers
16 Members of armed forces
(17) Inadequately described and not stated occupations

 

¡Û ¿µ±¹ÀÇ »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù´Â ij³ª´ÙÀÇ NOC¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Matrix·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ±âµµ Çϴµ¥, Á÷´É¼öÁØ°ú ´ëºñµÇ´Â RGSC¿Í Á÷´ÉÀ¯Çü°ú ´ëºñµÇ´Â SEG¸¦ ¼­·Î ±³Â÷ÇÑ ¼¾¼­½º Matrix(the Census Matrix)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â »çȸ°æÁ¦Áý´ÜÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© »çȸ°è±ÞÀÇ ±Ô¸ð¸¦ ÃßÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌ Matrix¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ °¢°¢ÀÇ »çȸ°è±Þ ³»¿¡¼­ °¢°¢ÀÇ »çȸ°æÁ¦Áý´ÜÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ºÐÆ÷ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

  2) NS-SEC 2000ÀÇ °³¹ß

¡Û 2001³â Àα¸¼¾¼­½ººÎÅÍ RGSC¿Í SEG¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇØ »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ù·Î »ç¿ëµÉ NS-SEC(National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification)Àº 1991³â Àα¸¼¾¼­½ºÀÇ 0.5% DB ÀÚ·á¿Í ÇÔ²² ONS ³ëµ¿·ÂÁ¶»ç ÀÚ·á µîÀ» Åä´ë·Î ONS¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ »çȸ°æÁ¦ºÐ·ùÀ§¿øȸ(the ESRC-ONS Socio-Economic Classification Working Group)¿¡¼­ °³¹ß Áß¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

¡Û NS-SECÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ÇüÅ´ RGSC¿Í SEG¸¦ º¹ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ý¿µÇ쵂 SEG¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ÇüÅ·ΠÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¿¹Á¤À̸ç 17°³·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø SEGº¸´Ù ¼¼ºÐµÈ 23°³ÀÇ ¹üÁÖ·Î ±¸ºÐµÉ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. NS-SECÀº 2000³â 10¿ù¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÉ ¿¹Á¤À̸ç 2001³â Àα¸¼¾¼¼½º¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿ëµµ·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.