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국제노동기구(ILO)의 표준직업분류
88년에 개정된 국제표준직업분류(ISCO-88: International Standard Classification of Occupation)는 1968년 국제분류(ISCO-68)의 개정판으로 82년과 87년에 제네바에서 열린 국제노동기구(ILO) 13, 14차 국제 노동통계회의의 의견과 결정에 따라 이루어 진 것이다. ISCO-88의 목적은 다음과 같다. 1) 직업에 대한 국제적인 의사소통 촉진
1) 직무 (Job): 어떤 사람에 의해 실행된 임무와 과업(tasks and duties)의 묶음이나 수행되어야 하는 것을 의미하며, ISCO-88에 의해 분류된 통계적 단위(Unit)이다. 주요 임무나 과업이 높은 정도의 유사성에 의해 특징화된 일련의 직무들은 직업(occupation)을 구성한다.
다음의 ISCO 직능 수준들은 필수적인 직업적 숙련이 정규교육이나 직업 훈련을 통해서 어디에서 습득되는지를 제공한다. a. 1번째 ISCO 직능 수준은 일반적으로 5, 6, 7세에 시작하여, 약 5년정도 지속되는 초등교육을 포함하는 ISCED 범주1에 의해 정의된다. (초등학교 정도) b. 2번째 ISCO 직능 수준은 2차 교육의 첫 번째, 두 번째 단계를 포함하는 ISCED 범주 2와 3에 의해 정의된다. (중, 고등학교 정도) 현장훈련(OJT)기간이나 경험이 필요할 수도 있다. c. 3번째 ISCO 직능 수준은 17, 18세에 시작하여 약 4년 정도를 유지하고, 대학1학년 수준은 아니라는 평가에 이르는 교육을 포함하는 ISCED 범주 5에 의해 정의된다. (4번째 수준은 내용없이 일부러 남겨진 것이었다.) d. 4번째 ISCO 직능 수준은 대졸이나 대학원졸 이상 또는 동등 학력에 이르는 교육 포함. (b) 직능의 전문성(Skill Specialisation) - 생산된 상품이나 서비스의 종류뿐만 아니라 작업에 필요한 물질, 사용된 도구나 기계, 요구되는 지식의 영역에 의해 정의된다. 이러한 분류기준에 따른 ISCO의 분류구조는 9개의 Major 집단(대분류), 28개의 sub-major 집단(중분류), 116개의 minor 집단(소분류), 390개의 unit 집단(세분류)로 구성되는 위계구조를 지닌다. * ISCO의 Major group: 9개 집단(KSCO는 ISCO의 분류를 그대로 따름) 【분류단계별 항목수】
【ISCO-88 전체 목록】
Major group 1: Legislators, senior officials and managers 11 Legislators and senior officials 111 Legislators 112 Senior government officials 113 Traditional chiefs and heads of villages 114 Senior officials of special interest organizations 12 Corporate managers 121 Directors and chief executives 122 Production and operations department managers 123 Other departmental managers 13 General managers 131 General managers Major group 2: Professionals 21 Physical, mathematical and engineering science professionals 211 Physicists, chemists and related professionals 212 Mathematicians, statisticians and related professionals 213 Computing professionals 214 Architects, engineers and related professionals 22 Life science and health professionals 221 Life science professionals 222 Health professionals (except nursing) 223 Nursing and midwifery professionals 23 Teaching professionals 231 College, university and higher education teaching professionals 232 Secondary education teaching professionals 233 Primary and pre-primary education teaching professionals 234 Special education teaching professionals 235 Other teaching professionals 24 Other professionals 241 Business professionals 242 Legal professionals 243 Archivists, librarians and related information professionals 244 Social sciences and related professionals 245 Writers and creative or performing artists 246 Religious professionals Major group 3: Technicians and associate professionals 31 Physical and engineering science associate professionals 311 Physical and engineering science technicians 312 Computer associate professionals 313 Optical and electronic equipment operators 314 Ship and aircraft controllers and technicians 315 Safety and quality inspectors 32 Life science and health associate professionals 321 Life science technicians and related associate professionals 322 Modern health associate professionals (except nursing) 323 Nursing and midwifery associate professionals 324 Traditional medicine practitioners and faith-healers 33 Teaching associate professionals 331 Primary education teaching associate professionals 332 Pre-primary education teaching associate professionals 333 Special education teaching associate professionals 334 Other teaching associate professionals 34 Other associate professionals 341 Finance and sales associate professionals 342 Business services agents and trade brokers 343 Administrative associate professionals 344 Customs, tax and related government associate professionals 345 Police inspectors and detectives 346 Social work associate professionals 347 Artistic, entertainment and sports associate professionals 348 Religious associate professionals Major group 4: Clerks 41 Office clerks 411 Secretaries and keyboard-operating clerks 412 Numerical clerks 413 Material-recording and transport clerks 414 Library, mail and related clerks 419 Other office clerks 42 Customer service clerks 421 Cashiers, tellers and related clerks 422 Client information clerks Major group 5: Service workers and shop and market sales workers 51 Personal and protective services workers 511 Travel attendants and related workers 512 Housekeeping and restaurant services workers 513 Personal care and related workers 514 Other personal service workers 515 Astrologers, fortune-tellers and related workers 516 Protective services workers 52 Models, salespersons and demonstrators 521 Fashion and other models 522 Shop salespersons and demonstrators 523 Stall and market salespersons Major group 6: Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 61 Market-oriented skilled agricultural and fishery workers 611 Market gardeners and crop growers 612 Market-oriented animal producers and related workers 613 Market-oriented crop and animal producers 614 Forestry and related workers 615 Fishery workers, hunters and trappers 62 Subsistence agricultural and fishery workers 621 Subsistence agricultural and fishery workers Major group 7: Craft and related trades workers 71 Extraction and building trade workers 711 Miners, shot-firers, stonecutters and carvers 712 Building frame and related trades workers 713 Building finishers and related trades workers 714 Painters, building structure cleaners and related trade workers 72 Metal, machinery and related trades workers 721 Metal moulders, welders, sheet-metalworkers, structural-metal preparers and related trades workers 722 Blacksmiths, toolmakers and related trades workers 723 Machinery mechanics and fitters 724 Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics and fitters 73 Precision, handicraft, printing and related trades workers 731 Precision workers in metal and related materials 732 Potters, glass-makers and related trades workers 733 Handicraft workers in wood, textile, leather and related materials 734 Printing and related trades workers 74 Other craft and related trades workers 741 Food processing and related trades workers 742 Wood treaters, cabinet-makers and related trades workers 743 Textile, garment and related trades workers 744 Felt, leather and shoemaking trades workers Major group 8: Plant and machine operators and assemblers 81 Stationary plant and related operators 811 Mining and mineral-processing plant operators 812 Metal-processing plant operators 813 Glass, ceramics and related plant operators 814 Wood processing and papermaking plant operators 815 Chemical processing plant operators 816 Power production and related plant operators 817 Automated assembly-line and industrial robot operators 82 Machine operators and assemblers 821 Metal and mineral products machine operators 822 Chemical products machine operators 823 Rubber and plastic products machine operators 824 Wood products machine operators 825 Printing, binding and paper products machine operators 826 Textile, fur and leather products machine operators 827 Food and related products machine operators 828 Assemblers 829 Other machine operators and assemblers 83 Drivers and mobile plant operators 831 Locomotive engine-drivers and related workers 832 Motor vehicle drivers 833 Agricultural and other mobile plant operators 834 Ships' deck crews and related workers Major group 9: Elementary occupations 91 Sales and services elementary occupations 911 Street vendors and related workers 912 Shoe cleaning and other street services' elementary occupations 913 Domestic and related helpers, cleaners and launderers 914 Building caretakers, window and related cleaners 915 Messengers, porters, doorkeepers and related workers 916 Garbage collectors and related labourers 92 Agricultural, fishery and related labourers 921 Agricultural, fishery and related labourers 93 Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport 931 Mining and construction labourers 932 Manufacturing labourers 933 Transport labourers and freight handlers Major group 0: Armed forces 01 Armed forces 011 Armed forces
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